Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a highly contagious disease that once affected nearly every child. While the introduction of the chickenpox vaccine has significantly reduced the number of cases, the infection can still occur, especially in unvaccinated children. At Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, we are committed to providing comprehensive care for children with chickenpox and preventing the spread of the disease through vaccination. Serving families across Atlanta from our locations in Glenwood Park, Brookhaven, and Decatur, we offer expert guidance on treatment and prevention.
Varicella Disease Symptoms
Chickenpox typically presents with an itchy rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters, but other symptoms can accompany the infection. Children who contract chickenpox generally exhibit the following signs:
Itchy Rash
The hallmark of chickenpox, starting as red spots and evolving into fluid-filled blisters that eventually crust over. The rash often starts on the face, chest, and back before spreading to the rest of the body, including the scalp, mouth, and even inside the ears.
Fever
A low-grade fever often precedes the appearance of the rash.
Fatigue and Irritability
Children may feel unusually tired and irritable as the infection begins to spread.
Loss of Appetite
Reduced appetite is common during the early stages of chickenpox.
Headache
Some children may experience a mild headache before or during the rash outbreak.
Symptoms typically appear 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus, and the infection can last between 5 to 10 days. While chickenpox is usually mild in children, it can be more severe in infants, teenagers, and individuals with weakened immune systems, sometimes leading to complications such as bacterial skin infections, pneumonia, or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).
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Chickenpox Treatment for Children
While most cases of chickenpox resolve on their own, the main focus of treatment is on symptom management to keep your child comfortable as the infection runs its course. Common treatment methods include:
Itch Relief
The itching caused by chickenpox can be intense. Over-the-counter antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), can help relieve itching. Applying calamine lotion or giving oatmeal baths can also soothe the skin.
Fever and Pain Management
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be used to reduce fever and relieve discomfort. Avoid giving your child aspirin, as it has been linked to Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition.
Hydration
Ensure your child drinks plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, particularly if they are running a fever.
Rest
Encourage your child to rest and avoid scratching the blisters to prevent infection and scarring.
While chickenpox usually does not require medical intervention, it’s essential to monitor your child closely and contact your pediatrician if they develop any signs of complications, such as:
- Trouble breathing or persistent cough
- High fever lasting more than 4 days
- Severe headache, drowsiness, or confusion
- Red, swollen areas around the blisters, indicating a possible bacterial infection
Chickenpox Vaccination
The best way to prevent chickenpox is through vaccination. The varicella vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect children from the virus, significantly reducing their risk of contracting the disease or developing severe symptoms if they do get infected.
When to Get Vaccinated
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), children should receive two doses of the varicella vaccine:
- The first dose between 12 and 15 months of age
- The second dose between 4 and 6 years of age
For older children or teens who haven’t been vaccinated or haven’t had chickenpox, they can still receive the vaccine later in life. Two doses, given at least 28 days apart, are recommended for anyone over the age of 13.
The chickenpox vaccine has been shown to be highly effective, with a 90% reduction in cases of the disease. Even if a vaccinated child contracts chickenpox, the symptoms are usually much milder and the risk of complications is significantly lower.
Preventing the Spread of Chickenpox
Chickenpox is extremely contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets or contact with the blisters of an infected person. If your child has chickenpox:
Keep Them Home
Your child should stay home from school or daycare until all the blisters have crusted over, which usually takes about a week.
Avoid Contact with High-Risk Individuals
Keep your child away from infants, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems, as chickenpox can be more dangerous for these groups.
Practice Good Hygiene
Encourage frequent handwashing and avoid sharing items like towels or utensils to prevent the spread of the virus to others in the household.
When to Call the Doctor
While chickenpox is generally mild, certain symptoms or situations warrant a call to your pediatrician:
- Your child has difficulty breathing or develops a persistent cough
- Blisters become red, swollen, or filled with pus, indicating a possible bacterial infection
- High fever lasts more than 4 days
- Severe headache, confusion, or drowsiness occurs
- Your child is very young (under 1 year), has a weakened immune system, or is at high risk for complications
At Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, our pediatricians are here to provide guidance and treatment if your child experiences any of these more serious symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions About Chickenpox
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While the vaccine is highly effective, it is still possible for vaccinated children to contract a mild case of chickenpox, though the symptoms are typically much less severe.
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If your child has been exposed to someone with chickenpox and hasn’t been vaccinated, contact your pediatrician. The varicella vaccine may still be effective if given within 3 to 5 days after exposure to prevent or lessen the severity of the illness.
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Chickenpox is contagious from 1 to 2 days before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over, which usually takes about a week.
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If your child has a mild cold or another minor illness, they can still receive the varicella vaccine. However, if they are experiencing moderate to severe illness or have a fever, it’s best to wait until they are feeling better before getting vaccinated.
Schedule an Appointment for Chickenpox Treatment and Vaccination in Atlanta
If your child is showing signs of chickenpox or is due for their varicella vaccination, contact Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine at (404) 446-4726 to schedule an appointment. Our team of pediatricians is here to provide expert care at our locations in Glenwood Park, Brookhaven, and Decatur, serving families across Atlanta.