Measles, mumps, and rubella are three highly contagious viral diseases that can lead to serious health complications, especially in children. Fortunately, these diseases are now rare in the United States thanks to widespread vaccination through the MMR vaccine. At Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, we provide expert care and guidance for children and families regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of measles, mumps, and rubella. Our team, located in Glenwood Park, Brookhaven, and Decatur, proudly serves the greater Atlanta area with comprehensive pediatric care, including vaccination services.
Measles Symptoms
Measles is a serious respiratory infection caused by the measles virus, leading to severe symptoms and potentially dangerous complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis. Measles symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure to the virus and include:
High Fever
Often one of the first signs, with fever potentially reaching 104°F.
Cough
A dry, persistent cough.
Runny Nose
Cold-like symptoms, including a runny nose.
Red, Watery Eyes (Conjunctivitis)
Irritation and redness of the eyes.
Koplik's Spots
Small white spots that appear inside the mouth a few days before the measles rash.
Rash
A red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body, typically lasting 5 to 6 days.
Measles is highly contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. 90% of unvaccinated individuals exposed to the virus will become infected.
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Mumps Symptoms
Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, primarily affecting the salivary glands. While the symptoms are usually mild in children, mumps can lead to complications such as swelling of the brain, hearing loss, or inflammation of the testicles or ovaries. Symptoms of mumps typically appear 16 to 18 days after infection and include:
Swollen Salivary Glands
The hallmark symptom, causing puffy cheeks and a tender, swollen jaw.
Fever
A mild to moderate fever is common.
Headache
Accompanied by muscle aches and discomfort.
Fatigue and Weakness
Feeling unusually tired and lethargic.
Loss of Appetite
Decreased desire to eat due to discomfort.
Mumps is also highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact, or by touching contaminated surfaces.
Rubella Symptoms
Rubella, also known as German measles, is caused by the rubella virus. While it is generally milder than measles and mumps, rubella can cause severe complications if contracted during pregnancy, leading to congenital rubella syndrome, which can result in birth defects. Symptoms usually appear 2 to 3 weeks after exposure and include:
Mild Fever
Low-grade fever often accompanies rubella.
Rash
A pink or red rash that starts on the face and quickly spreads to the rest of the body. The rash typically lasts about 3 days.
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swelling and tenderness in the lymph nodes, especially behind the ears.
Joint Pain
Older children and adults may experience joint pain, particularly in the fingers, wrists, and knees.
The MMR Vaccine
The best way to protect your child from measles, mumps, and rubella is through vaccination. The MMR vaccine is a safe and highly effective way to prevent these diseases and has been instrumental in reducing the prevalence of these infections in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the MMR vaccine is 97% effective at preventing measles and 88% effective against mumps.
MMR Vaccine Schedule
Children should receive two doses of the MMR vaccine:
First Dose
Between 12 and 15 months of age
Second Dose
Between 4 and 6 years of age
If your child has missed a dose or is behind on vaccinations, they can still receive the MMR vaccine later in life. Unvaccinated teens and adults should also receive two doses of the vaccine, spaced at least 28 days apart.
Side Effects of the MMR Vaccine
The MMR vaccine is generally safe, with most children experiencing only mild side effects. These may include:
- Mild fever
- Rash
- Swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck
Severe allergic reactions to the MMR vaccine are extremely rare. The benefits of the vaccine far outweigh the risks, as it prevents the spread of potentially life-threatening diseases.
Preventing the Spread of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
In addition to vaccinating your child, practicing good hygiene can help prevent the spread of these viral diseases:
Handwashing
Encourage regular handwashing with soap and water, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching shared surfaces.
Avoiding Crowded Areas
During outbreaks, it’s best to avoid large gatherings or public spaces to reduce the risk of exposure.
Staying Home
If your child shows symptoms of measles, mumps, or rubella, keep them home from school or daycare and consult your pediatrician.
When to See a Pediatrician
If your child develops symptoms of measles, mumps, or rubella, it’s important to contact your pediatrician right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
Seek medical attention immediately if your child has:
- High fever that lasts more than a few days
- Difficulty breathing or persistent cough
- Severe headache, confusion, or drowsiness
- Rash that spreads quickly or looks severe
At Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, our team is ready to provide the care and guidance your child needs to recover safely.
Frequently Asked Questions About Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
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The MMR vaccine is highly effective, offering 97% protection against measles and 88% protection against mumps after two doses.
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While the MMR vaccine is highly effective, no vaccine is 100% protective. However, vaccinated children who do contract measles, mumps, or rubella typically experience much milder symptoms.
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Most children experience only mild side effects, such as fever or a rash. Severe reactions are rare, and the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.
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Yes, the MMR vaccine can still provide protection if given during an outbreak, especially if your child is behind on their vaccination schedule.
Schedule an Appointment for MMR Vaccination in Atlanta
If your child is due for their MMR vaccination or you have concerns about measles, mumps, or rubella, contact Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine at (404) 446-4726 to schedule an appointment. Our expert pediatricians are here to provide comprehensive care at our locations in Glenwood Park, Brookhaven, and Decatur, serving families across Atlanta.