Scoliosis is a common spinal condition in children that causes an abnormal curvature of the spine. While many cases of scoliosis are mild, some can progress and lead to discomfort, physical deformities, and even breathing issues. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing complications and ensuring proper growth and development. At Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, we specialize in diagnosing and managing scoliosis in children, offering comprehensive care for families throughout Atlanta.
What is Pediatric Scoliosis?
Pediatric scoliosis occurs when the spine curves sideways in an “S” or “C” shape. This condition can develop at any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children between the ages of 10 and 15. Scoliosis is typically classified by the degree of spinal curvature and the underlying cause, which can range from genetic factors to growth abnormalities. According to the Scoliosis Research Society, approximately 2-3% of adolescents are affected by scoliosis, with many cases detected during routine school screenings or physical exams.
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Spotting the Signs: Scoliosis Symptoms in Children
Scoliosis often develops gradually and may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as the curvature of the spine progresses, you may begin to see physical changes in your child’s posture and appearance.
Common signs and symptoms of scoliosis include:
Uneven shoulders
One shoulder may appear higher than the other, and your child’s shoulder blades may be more prominent on one side.
Uneven waist or hips
You may notice that one hip is higher or more prominent, leading to a tilted appearance when standing.
Leaning to one side
Children with scoliosis may lean or shift their weight to one side, particularly when walking or standing.
Rib prominence
In more advanced cases, scoliosis can cause one side of the ribcage to stick out more than the other.
Back pain or discomfort
While scoliosis is often painless in its early stages, some children may experience back pain, especially as they grow or participate in physical activities.
If you notice any of these signs in your child, it’s important to schedule a pediatric evaluation to determine whether scoliosis is present.
Types of Pediatric Scoliosis: Identifying the Cause
Scoliosis can take different forms based on the underlying cause and the severity of the spinal curvature. Understanding the type of scoliosis is essential for determining the best course of treatment. The three most common types of pediatric scoliosis are:
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of all scoliosis cases in children. The exact cause is unknown but is believed to be influenced by genetics, as scoliosis often runs in families. Idiopathic scoliosis typically develops during adolescence, and the degree of curvature can worsen during growth spurts.
Congenital Scoliosis
Congenital scoliosis occurs when the bones of the spine do not form properly during fetal development, resulting in abnormal curvatures at birth. This type of scoliosis is less common but may be more severe and can lead to additional spinal abnormalities.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Neuromuscular scoliosis is associated with conditions that affect the muscles and nerves, such as muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or spinal muscular atrophy. In this type, weak or imbalanced muscles cannot support the spine properly, causing it to curve over time. Children with neuromuscular scoliosis often require specialized care and management.
What Causes Scoliosis?
While the exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown, several factors can contribute to the development of the condition:
Genetics
There is a genetic component to idiopathic scoliosis, meaning children with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop it.
Abnormal bone development
In congenital scoliosis, improper spinal formation during fetal development is the primary cause.
Neuromuscular conditions
Children with certain neuromuscular disorders are at higher risk of developing scoliosis due to muscle weakness or imbalance.
Growth spurts
Rapid growth during adolescence can cause the spine to curve more quickly in children with idiopathic scoliosis.
Treating Pediatric Scoliosis: Therapy and Management
At Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, we offer a range of treatment options for scoliosis, depending on the type and severity of the curvature. Our goal is to prevent the progression of scoliosis and improve your child’s quality of life through personalized care.
Non-Surgical Options: Monitoring and Bracing
For children with mild scoliosis, regular monitoring may be all that’s needed. We will track the curvature of the spine through X-rays and physical exams, ensuring that the condition does not worsen over time. In more moderate cases, bracing may be recommended to prevent further curvature, particularly during periods of rapid growth.
Bracing involves wearing a custom-fitted back brace that helps keep the spine in place while your child’s bones are still developing. Bracing is typically used for children whose spinal curves measure between 20 and 40 degrees. While braces do not cure scoliosis, they are effective in preventing the condition from progressing to the point of needing surgery.
Physical Therapy
For some children, physical therapy can help strengthen the muscles around the spine and improve flexibility. Therapy may include exercises that focus on posture, core stability, and breathing techniques. Physical therapy is often used in combination with other treatments, such as bracing, to manage scoliosis and support overall musculoskeletal health.
Surgical Intervention
In severe cases, where the spinal curve exceeds 40-50 degrees, surgery may be necessary to prevent further progression and correct the curvature. Spinal fusion surgery is the most common procedure for scoliosis, where the affected vertebrae are fused together to stabilize the spine. While surgery is generally reserved for more advanced cases, it can be highly effective in improving posture and preventing long-term complications.
Frequently Asked Questions About Scoliosis in Children
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In mild cases, scoliosis may not cause any significant long-term health issues. However, more severe cases can lead to chronic back pain, physical deformities, and, in rare instances, respiratory or heart problems if left untreated.
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No, most cases of scoliosis can be managed with non-surgical treatments such as bracing or physical therapy. Surgery is only recommended for severe cases where the curvature continues to progress despite other treatments.
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Bracing is highly effective in preventing scoliosis from worsening in children with moderate curves. Studies show that bracing can reduce the need for surgery in 70-90% of cases when used correctly.
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In the early stages, scoliosis is often painless. However, as the condition progresses, some children may experience back pain or discomfort, especially during physical activities.
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Scoliosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical exams and X-rays. During the physical exam, the doctor may ask your child to bend forward to look for signs of spinal curvature, uneven shoulders, or rib prominence.
Schedule an Appointment for Pediatric Scoliosis Treatment in Atlanta
If your child has been diagnosed with scoliosis or is showing signs of spinal curvature, contact Intown Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine to schedule an evaluation. Our team of experienced pediatricians provides expert care for scoliosis at our locations in Glenwood Park, Brookhaven, and Decatur, serving families across Atlanta.